Especially in big cities, crime is a reality. As some African countries rely heavily on tourism revenues, effective tourist protection and respect campaigns have yielded remarkable results. With caution, information and common sense, one can travel extremely smoothly and safely. In safari areas and smaller cities, safety is generally high and the population very hospitable. Johannesburg and Nairobi, often regarded as violent cities, deserve special attention and we do not advise independent travel. With proper caution and specific care, risks can be avoided without major difficulties.